Family Health (JSS 3- Physical and Health Education Lesson Note: Second Term, Week First)

Week 1

Subject: Physical and Health Education
Class: JSS 3
Week of the Term: 1st Week

Topic: Family Health
Sub-Topic: Types of Diseases

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Identify and classify different types of diseases based on their mode of transfer.
2. Describe the role of disease vectors in the transmission of diseases.
3. Illustrate the life cycle of mosquitoes and other common disease vectors.

Entry Behaviour
Students should have basic knowledge of health and hygiene practices.

Instructional Materials

• Textbook on Health Education
• Visual aids (charts of disease vectors)
• Flashcards illustrating disease types

Reference Materials

• Na’omi Baba Gbefwi, Emma Okoroigwe, Adetola Akinmorin (2015). WABP Physical and Health Education for Junior Secondary, Secondary Schools, West African Book Publishers Ltd, Lagos.
• Adeyanju S. A., Okunrotifa E. B., Musa Danladi I., Edegbai B., Igbanuga V. C. (2010). Basic Science and Technology for Junior Secondary School 3 Textbook (BEC Edition), Spectrum Books Limited, Lagos.

Content

Family health is vital for the well-being of all family members. Understanding diseases, how they spread, and how to prevent them is crucial for maintaining a healthy family environment.

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Types of Diseases

Diseases can be classified into two main categories:

1. Infectious Diseases:
   • These diseases are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. They can be transmitted from one person to another. Examples include:
     • Malaria: Caused by parasites transmitted through mosquito bites.
     • Influenza: A viral infection that spreads easily through coughing and sneezing.
     • Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs and can spread through the air when an infected person coughs.
2. Non-Infectious Diseases:
   • These are not caused by pathogens and cannot be spread from person to person. They may result from genetic factors, environmental conditions, or lifestyle choices. Examples include:
     • Diabetes: A condition that affects how the body processes sugar.
     • Heart Disease: Often caused by poor diet, lack of exercise, and other risk factors.
     • Cancer: A group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.

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Modes of Transfer

Diseases can be transmitted in several ways:

1. Direct Transmission:
   • This occurs when an infected person touches or exchanges fluids with a healthy person. Examples include:
     • Kissing or hugging an infected person.
     • Touching an infected wound.
2. Indirect Transmission:
   • This occurs when the pathogen is spread via surfaces or objects. Examples include:
     • Sharing utensils or personal items like toothbrushes.
     • Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face.
3. Airborne Transmission:
   • Some diseases spread through the air via droplets from coughing, sneezing, or talking. For example:
     • Influenza and the common cold can spread this way.

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Disease Vectors

Vectors are organisms that transmit diseases to humans. One of the most common vectors is the mosquito.

• Mosquitoes as Disease Vectors:
  • Mosquitoes can carry and transmit several infectious diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus. Understanding how these vectors operate is essential for prevention.

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Life Cycle of Mosquitoes

The life cycle of a mosquito includes four stages:

1. Egg Stage:
   • Mosquitoes lay eggs in stagnant water. The eggs can survive in dry conditions for several months.
2. Larval Stage:
   • The eggs hatch into larvae that live in water. They feed on organic matter and grow rapidly.
3. Pupal Stage:
   • The larvae transform into pupae, a resting stage where they do not eat.
4. Adult Stage:
   • Finally, adult mosquitoes emerge from the pupae. Female mosquitoes require a blood meal to lay eggs, and this is when they can transmit diseases.

Step 1: Introduction

Lesson Presentation (Step-by-Step Procedure)

Others removed.