Week One
Subject: History
Class: Primary Five
Week of the First Term: 1st Week
Topic: Introduction to British Rule in Nigeria
Sub-Topic: (i) Overview of British occupation (ii) Reasons for the occupation of Nigeria by the British (iii) Traditional nationalism and resistance
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
- Describe the key events that led to British occupation in Nigeria.
- Identify and explain at least three reasons for British occupation of Nigeria.
- Discuss examples of traditional nationalism and resistance against British rule in Nigeria.
Entry Behaviour
Pupils should already have a basic understanding of Nigeria’s geographical location and some historical events prior to British rule, such as local governance and cultural practices.
Instructional Materials
- Textbook: “Spectrum Basic History For Primary School 5” by R.O Olaniyi & M.D Suleiman
- Visual aids: Maps of Nigeria showing British territories
- Flashcards with key terms (e.g., colonialism, nationalism)
Reference Material
Olaniyi, R.O., & Suleiman, M.D. (2013). Spectrum Basic History For Primary School 5. West African Book Publishers Ltd. Lagos.
Nwagu, E.E. (2017). Spectrum Basic History For Primary School 5. Metropolitan Publishers. Lagos.
Content
Overview of British Occupation:
The British began their occupation of Nigeria in the late 19th century, motivated by economic interests and the desire to control trade routes. Key events included the establishment of trading posts and the gradual annexation of territories.
Reasons for the Occupation:
Economic Interests: The British were attracted to Nigeria’s abundant natural resources, such as palm oil, rubber, and later cocoa and groundnuts. They aimed to exploit these resources for trade and profit.
Strategic Positioning: Nigeria’s geographical location made it a key point for controlling trade routes along the West African coast. Establishing control over Nigeria allowed the British to secure their shipping interests and enhance their naval presence in the region.
Colonial Expansion: The late 19th century was marked by a race for empire among European powers. The British sought to expand their territory in Africa to strengthen their global influence and prestige.
Missionary Zeal: Many British missionaries viewed the occupation as a means to spread Christianity and Western civilization. They believed they had a moral duty to “civilize” the local populations.
Political Control: The British aimed to establish a centralized governance system that would enable them to efficiently administer the territories they occupied, reducing the influence of local rulers and systems.
Cultural Superiority: The belief in the superiority of British culture and governance motivated the colonial agenda, leading to the perception that it was their duty to bring Western education and values to the indigenous people.
Traditional nationalism and resistance
Traditional nationalism and resistance in Nigeria during British rule involved various movements and actions aimed at opposing colonial domination and preserving local cultures and governance.
Traditional Nationalism
- Cultural Preservation: Many communities sought to maintain their cultural identities, traditions, and languages in the face of British colonial policies that often dismissed or undermined local customs.
- Local Governance: Traditional leaders and community groups resisted British attempts to impose foreign governance structures. They sought to uphold indigenous systems of authority and decision-making.
- Nationalist Movements: As awareness of colonial injustices grew, various nationalist movements emerged, advocating for self-determination and independence. These movements often drew on traditional values and local leadership to galvanize support.
Resistance
- Armed Conflicts: Several communities engaged in armed resistance against British forces. Notable examples include:
- The Eko Uprising (1900) in Lagos, where local leaders opposed British tax policies.
- The Aba Women’s Riot (1929), where women protested against the imposition of indirect rule and taxation.
- Political Organizations: Groups like the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) and the Action Group were formed, emphasizing political rights and self-governance, and mobilizing support against colonial rule.
- Public Protests: Mass protests and demonstrations were organized to voice opposition to British policies, including taxation, land acquisition, and the disregard for traditional authority.
- Intellectual Resistance: Educated Nigerians, such as Herbert Macauley and Obafemi Awolowo, used writing, speeches, and political activism to challenge colonial policies and promote nationalist ideas.
- Religious and Cultural Movements: Some religious groups and traditional societies mobilized against colonial rule, framing their resistance in the context of cultural and spiritual revival.
Step 1: Introduction
Lesson Presentation (Step-by-Step Procedure)
Others removed.
