Subject: History
Class: JSS 2
Week of the Second Term: 4th Week
Topic: Mali Empire
Sub-Topic: Location of Mali on the Map of Africa; Description of Sundiata Keita (1230-1255 AD)
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Identify the geographical location of the Mali Empire on a map.
- Describe the life and achievements of Sundiata Keita.
- Explain the significance of Sundiata Keita in establishing the Mali Empire.
Entry Behaviour
Students should have prior knowledge of map reading and basic historical figures.
Instructional Materials
- Textbook: History for Junior Secondary School 2
- Maps of Africa highlighting the Mali Empire
- Biographical charts of Sundiata Keita
Reference Materials
Adeyemi, A. (2018). Exploring African History: A Comprehensive Guide for Junior Secondary Schools. Lagos: Educational Publishers.
Oduyemi, M. A., & Idowu, S. J. (2019). History for Junior Secondary Schools: A New Perspective. Ibadan: University Press PLC.
Content
The Mali Empire was located in West Africa, primarily centered around the regions of modern-day Mali, but its influence extended into parts of Senegal, Mauritania, Guinea, and Burkina Faso. When looking at a map of Africa, you can identify the Mali Empire as follows:
- Geographical Features: The empire was characterized by the Niger River, which played a crucial role in its agriculture and trade. The river provided vital resources and routes for transportation, facilitating commerce across the empire.
- Major Cities: Key cities within the empire included:
- Timbuktu: Renowned as a cultural and educational center, it was famous for its universities and libraries.
- Gao: An important trading city and later the capital of the Songhai Empire.
- Niani: The capital city during the early years of the Mali Empire under Sundiata Keita.
- Regional Context: The Mali Empire was situated south of the Sahara Desert, making it a vital link between North Africa and sub-Saharan regions. Its location along trans-Saharan trade routes enabled it to thrive economically and culturally.
Description of Sundiata Keita (1230-1255 AD)
Sundiata Keita (c. 1217 – c. 1255) is often regarded as the founder of the Mali Empire and a significant figure in West African history. His legacy is celebrated in oral traditions and epics, which recount his life and accomplishments.
- Early Life: Sundiata was born to a noble family of the Mandinka people. His mother, Sogolon, faced challenges early in life, including Sundiata’s initial physical disabilities that prevented him from walking. Despite these hardships, he showed remarkable resilience and determination.
- Rise to Power: After the Sosso Kingdom, led by the tyrant Soumaoro Kanté, conquered his homeland, Sundiata was forced into exile. During his time away, he gathered allies and built an army. He returned to challenge the Sosso forces and achieved a decisive victory at the Battle of Kirina around 1235. This victory marked the beginning of the Mali Empire.
- Empire Building: Following his victory, Sundiata unified various tribes and territories, establishing the foundations of a strong and prosperous empire. He implemented administrative reforms, promoted trade, and encouraged agricultural development, which contributed to the empire’s wealth.
- Cultural and Religious Influence: Sundiata was known for his respect for local traditions and the Islamic faith. He embraced Islam, which facilitated trade relationships with North Africa and promoted cultural exchange. Under his leadership, Mali became a center of Islamic scholarship and culture.
- Legacy: Sundiata Keita’s story is immortalized in the Epic of Sundiata, an oral tradition that celebrates his life and achievements. His reign set the stage for the Mali Empire’s golden age, particularly under his successors like Mansa Musa. Today, Sundiata is remembered as a symbol of strength, resilience, and leadership in West African history.
Step 1: Introduction
Lesson Presentation (Step-by-Step Procedure)
Others removed.
