Week One
Subject: Agricultural Science
Class: Primary Four
Week of the Second Term: 1st Week
Topic: Meaning and Definition of Soil
Subtopic: Definition of Soil and Its Importance
Instructional Objectives
At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
- Define what soil is and describe its components.
- Explain the importance of soil to plants, animals, and humans.
- Identify different types of soil in their environment.
Entry Behaviour
Pupils should already know that soil is found on the ground and is used for growing plants.
Instructional Materials
- Textbook: Agriculture for Primary School Book 4
- Real soil samples (clay, sandy, loamy)
- Visual aids (charts showing soil composition)
Reference Materials
- Dairo S.D., Akande A.S., Akindele F.Y., Muazu I., Uzowanne C. (2023). Agriculture for Primary School Book 4 (BEC Edition). Lagos: Spectrum Book Ltd.
- Youdeowei, A., Ogbazi, J.N., Adesiyan, S.O., Olowu, T. (2018). Wabp Primary School Agriculture Book 4. Lagos: West African Book Publishers Ltd.
Content
Meaning and Definition of Soil
Definition of Soil
Soil is the upper layer of the earth’s surface where plants grow. It is a natural resource made up of minerals, organic matter, water, air, and living organisms. Soil is formed over time by the weathering of rocks and the decomposition of plant and animal matter. It provides a foundation for plants, holds water and nutrients, and supports various forms of life.
Importance of Soil
- Plant Growth: Soil is essential for plant growth as it provides plants with necessary nutrients and a medium to anchor their roots. Without soil, plants would struggle to absorb water and nutrients, which are vital for their survival.
- Water Retention: Soil acts as a sponge, absorbing and holding water. It regulates the flow of water into the ground and stores it for use by plants. This water retention is crucial in preventing droughts and maintaining ecosystems.
- Nutrient Supply: Soil contains essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are necessary for plant development. Fertile soil enables crops to grow efficiently, supporting food production.
- Habitat for Organisms: Soil is home to a wide range of organisms, from bacteria and fungi to insects and earthworms. These organisms help break down organic material, recycle nutrients, and maintain soil health.
- Support for Infrastructure: Soil provides a foundation for human structures such as buildings, roads, and bridges. Stable soil is crucial for the safe construction and maintenance of these structures.
Environmental Balance: Soil plays a key role in carbon sequestration, reducing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. It also helps filter pollutants and improves water quality by acting as a natural filter..
Step 1: Introduction
Lesson Presentation (Step-by-Step Procedure)
Others removed.
